A retrospective multicenter study of oral and maxillofacial lesions in older people

Abstract Few studies on the distribution of oral diseases in older people are available in the literature. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and demographic characteristics of oral and maxillofacial lesions in geriatric patients (age ≥ 60 years). A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was performed. Biopsy records were obtained from archives of three Brazilian oral pathology centers over a 20-year period. Data on sex, age, anatomical site, skin color, and histopathological diagnosis were collected and analyzed. Pearson's chi-square test was used to evaluate differences in the frequency of the different oral and maxillofacial lesion groups. A total of 7,476 biopsy records of older patients were analyzed. Most cases were diagnosed in patients aged 60 to 69 years (n = 4,487; 60.0%). Females were more affected (n = 4,403; 58.9%) with a female-to-male ratio of 1:0.7 (p < 0.001). The tongue (n = 1,196; 16.4%), lower lip (n = 1,005; 13.8%), and buccal mucosa (n = 997; 13.7%) were the most common anatomical sites. Reactive and inflammatory lesions (n = 3,840; 51.3%) were the most prevalent non-neoplastic pathologies (p < 0.001), followed by cysts (n = 475; 6.4%). Malignant neoplasms were more frequent (n = 1,353; 18.1%) than benign neoplasms (n = 512; 6.8%). Fibrous/fibroepithelial hyperplasia (n = 2,042; 53.2%) (p < 0.001) and squamous cell carcinoma (n = 1,191; 88.03%) (p < 0.001) were the most common oral lesions in older adults. Biopsy data allow the accurate characterization of the prevalence of oral and maxillofacial lesions, supporting the development of public health policies that can enable the prevention, early diagnosis, and appropriate treatment of these lesions. Also, they bring valuable information that helps dentists and geriatricians diagnose these diseases.

Clinicopathologic analysis of oral dermoid and epidermoid cysts: a Brazilian multicenter study

Abstract Dermoid cysts (DCs) and epidermoid cysts (ECs) are uncommon developmental cysts affecting the oral cavity. This study aims to evaluate patients with oral DCs and ECs and their demographic and clinicopathologic features. A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was performed. A total of 105,077 biopsy records of oral and maxillofacial lesions from seven Brazilian oral pathology centers were analyzed. All cases diagnosed as oral DCs and ECs were reviewed, and clinical, demographic, and histopathological data were collected. The series comprised 32 DCs (31.4%) and 70 ECs (68.6%). Most of the DCs occurred on the floor of the mouth (n = 14; 45.2%) of women (n = 17; 53.1%) with a mean age of 34.6 ± 21.6 years. All DCs were lined partially or entirely by stratified squamous epithelium (100%). Chronic inflammatory cells, melanin pigmentation, multinucleated giant cell reaction, and cholesterol clefts were observed in the fibrous capsule . Most of the ECs affected the labial mucosa (n = 20; 31.7%) of men (n = 39; 56.5%) with a mean age of 48.0±19.8 years. Microscopically, most ECs (n = 68; 97.1%) were lined entirely by stratified squamous epithelium. Two cysts (2.9%) showed areas of respiratory metaplasia. Chronic inflammatory cells, melanin pigmentation, multinucleated giant cell reaction, and cholesterol clefts were also observed in the fibrous capsule. Conservative surgical excision was the treatment of choice in all cases. Oral DCs and ECs are uncommon and often clinically misdiagnosed lesions. Clinicians should consider DCs and ECs in the differential diagnosis of soft tissue lesions in the oral cavity, mainly located on the floor of the mouth and labial mucosa.

Lúpus eritematoso sistêmico: complicações sistêmicas que afetam o manejo odontológico - revisão narrativa / Systemic lupus erythematosus: systemic complications that suffered from dental management - narrative review

Introdução: o lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES) é uma doença autoimune, crônica, multissistêmica, de etiologia desconhecida e com acometimento variado. Objetivo: revisar narrativamente a literatura quanto às principais complicações sistêmicas encontradas em indivíduos com LES e suas repercussões no manejo odontológico. Fonte dos dados: a busca foi realizada no PubMed/MEDLINE, utilizando vocabulário controlado (MeSH terms), termos livres e operadores booleanos (AND e OR). Foram incluídos artigos dos últimos 10 anos, sem restrição de idioma ou região geográfica, os quais tratavam das principais doenças crônicas que afetam pessoas com LES e artigos que mencionaram o tratamento odontológico nesses indivíduos. Síntese dos dados: as manifestações clínicas mais referidas foram as cardiovasculares, hematológicas, cutâneas, pulmonares, renais e neuropsiquiátricas, além das alterações decorrentes do uso crônico de medicamentos utilizados no controle e tratamento da doença, como a osteoporose e o diabetes melito. Apesar das manifestações sistêmicas encontradas em indivíduos portadores de LES influenciarem diretamente na conduta do cirurgião dentista, não há trabalhos robustos quanto ao tratamento odontológico desses pacientes. As consultas odontológicas devem ser individualizadas e adaptadas de acordo com as necessidades individuais e os protocolos existentes para cada uma das complicações apresentadas. Conclusão: o atendimento odontológico de pessoas com LES é desafiador por causa das múltiplas complicações sistêmicas, dos medicamentos de uso contínuo e da falta de protocolos odontológicos específicos para essa população.

Introduction: systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune, chronic, multisystemic disease of unknown etiology and with great variability of clinical manifestations. Objective: to critically review the literature regarding the main systemic complications found in individuals with SLE and their repercussions on dental management. Sources of data: the search was performed on PubMed/ MEDLINE, using controlled vocabulary (MeSH terms), free terms and Boolean operators (AND/OR). Articles from the last 10 years were included, without language or geographic region restriction, which discussed the main chronic diseases that affect people with SLE and articles that mentioned dental treatment in these individuals. Synthesis of data: the most mentioned clinical manifestations were cardiovascular, hematological, cutaneous, pulmonary, renal and neuropsychiatric, in addition to alterations associated with the chronic use of medication, such as osteoporosis and diabetes mellitus. Although the systemic complications found in individuals with SLE directly influence the dentist's clinical decision, there are no robust studies regarding the dental treatment of these patients. Dental consultations must be individualized and adapted according to the existing protocols for each of the presented complications. Conclusion: dental care for people with SLE is challenging because of the multiple systemic complications, the continuous use of medications and the lack of specific dental protocols for this population.

Oral mucoceles: A Brazillian Multicenter Study of 1,901 Cases

Abstract Oral mucocele (OM) is the most common lesion of minor salivary glands. The present study aimed to report the clinical and demographic features of a large series of OMs and identify possible predictive variables associated with the recurrence rate of these lesions. A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was performed. A total of 43,754 biopsy records from four pathology services in Brazil were analyzed. All cases of OMs were reviewed, and clinical and demographic data were collected. The study comprised 1,002 females (56.2%) and 782 males (43.8%), with a mean age of 19.8±16.4 years (range: 01-87 years) and a 1.3:1 female-to-male ratio. The lower lip (n=1,160; 67.4%), and floor of the mouth (n=172; 10.0%), were the most common affected sites, presenting clinically as nodules (n=978; 79.4%) of smooth surface (n=428; 77.5%) and normal color (n=768, 46.7%). Excisional biopsy was the treatment in most cases (n=1,392; 78.0%). Recurrent OMs represented 6.2% of all diagnosed cases (n=117). OMs recurred more commonly in younger patients (aged<20 years) (p<0.0001), in lesions larger than 2 cm in diameter (p<0.0001), and in those located in the ventral tongue (p=0.0351). Also, recurrence rates were higher significantly in cases treated with laser surgery than in those with conventional surgery (p=0.0005). Patients with OMs should be carefully informed of its possible recurrence, especially when found on the ventral tongue of young patients.

Resumo A mucocele oral (MO) é a lesão mais comum das glândulas salivares menores. O presente estudo teve como objetivo relatar as características clínicas e demográficas de uma grande série de MOs e identificar possíveis variáveis preditivas associadas à taxa de recorrência dessas lesões. Foi realizado um estudo transversal descritivo retrospectivo. Foram analisados 43.754 registros de biópsias de quatro serviços de patologia no Brasil. Todos os casos diagnosticados como MOs foram revisados e dados clínicos e demográficos foram coletados. Participaram do estudo 1.002 mulheres (56,2%) e 782 homens (43,8%), com média de idade de 19,8 ± 16,4 anos (variação: 01-87 anos) e proporção de mulheres para homens de 1,3:1. O lábio inferior (n=1.160; 67,4%) e assoalho da boca (n=172; 10,0%), foram os locais mais acometidos, apresentando-se clinicamente como nódulos (n=978; 79,4%) de superfície lisa (n =428; 77,5%) e coloração normal (n=768, 46,7%). A biópsia excisional foi o tratamento na maioria dos casos (n=1.392; 78,0%). As MOs recorrentes representaram 6,2% de todos os casos diagnosticados (n = 117). As recorrências recorreram mais comumente em pacientes mais jovens (idade < 20 anos) (p < 0,0001), em lesões maiores que 2 cm de diâmetro (p < 0,0001) e naquelas localizadas na superfície ventral da língua (p = 0,0351). Além disso, as taxas de recorrência foram significativamente maiores nos casos tratados com cirurgia a laser do que aqueles com cirurgia convencional utilizando bisturi (p = 0,0005). Pacientes com mucoceles devem ser informados sobre uma possível recorrência, principalmente quando encontrados no lábio ou assoalho bucal de pacientes jovens.

Radiographic evaluation of the prevalence of Stafne bone defect / Evaluación radiográfica de prevalencia de defecto óseo de Stafne

Stafne bone defect (SBD) is a bone cavity in the lingual surface of the mandible normally filled by salivary gland tissue. In conventional radiographs, SBD typically resembles a radiolucent unilocular lesion with welldefined margins, localized under the inferior alveolar canal. The diagnosis of SBD is often incidental due to the asymptomatic nature. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of SBDs in a Brazilian population and to describe the radiographic features of the cases reported. This retrospective study evaluated 17,180 digital panoramic radiographs of patients with an indication of radiography for dental treatment seen at three centers located in the three Brazilian states. In each center, two researchers evaluated the images for establishment of the consensual diagnosis of SBD. In the case of disagreement, a third researcher was consulted to reach a final consensus. To assess the prevalence of SBDs, sex and age of patients were considered, and SBDs were classified according to their form and location. Data were submitted to descriptive analysis. Among the 17.180 patients, only 15 (0.08 %) had SDB, including 3 women and 12 men. The age range of the patients with SDB was 30-69 years (mean: 49.2). Fourteen cases were located in the posterior region of the mandibular body and one case in the ascending ramus. Stafne bone defect is a rare developmental anomaly that more commonly affects middle-aged men. The condition has a typical radiographic appearance and panoramic radiography is a valuable tool for its diagnosis.

El defecto óseo de Stafne (DOS) es una cavidad ósea en la superficie lingual de la mandíbula, normalmente llena de tejido glandular salival. En las radiografías convencionales, el DOS generalmente se asemeja a una lesión unilocular radiotransparente con bordes bien definidos, ubicada debajo del canal alveolar inferior. El diagnóstico de DOS a menudo es accidental debido a su naturaleza asintomática. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la prevalencia de DOS en una población brasileña y describir las características radiográficas de los casos reportados. Este estudio retrospectivo evaluó 17.180 radiografías panorámicas digitales de pacientes con indicación radiográfica para tratamiento dental atendidos en tres centros ubicados en tres estados brasileños. En cada centro, dos investigadores evaluaron las imágenes para establecer un diagnóstico consensuado de DOS. En caso de desacuerdo, se consultó a un tercer investigador para llegar a un consenso final. Para evaluar la prevalencia de DOS, se consideraron el sexo y la edad de los pacientes, y se clasificaron según su forma y ubicación. Los datos fueron sometidos a análisis descriptivo. Entre los 17.180 pacientes, solo 15 (0,08 %) tenían DOS, incluidos 3 mujeres y 12 hombres. El rango de edad de los pacientes con DOS fue de 30 a 69 años (media: 49,2). Catorce casos se ubicaron en la región posterior del cuerpo mandibular y un caso en la rama ascendente. Los defectos óseos de Stafne son una anomalía rara del desarrollo que afecta más comúnmente a los hombres de mediana edad. La condición tiene una apariencia radiográfica típica y la radiografía panorámica es una herramienta valiosa para su diagnóstico.

Síndrome de Eagle: diagnóstico e incidência em uma população brasileira

Objetivo: estabelecer a incidência da síndrome de Eagle(SE) no curso de Odontologia da Universidade deFortaleza durante o período de três anos. Materiais emétodos: foram analisadas 945 radiografias panorâmicas.A avaliação foi realizada por dois examinadoresem ambiente sem iluminação e com a utilização denegatoscópio. Um paquímetro digital foi utilizado paraa mensuração dos casos com alongamento do processoestiloide, sendo considerados alongados os casos apartir de 30 mm. Resultados: das 945 radiografias analisadas,notou-se crescimento do processo estiloide superiora 30 mm em 75 panorâmicas (7,9%), sendo 51(68%) mulheres e 24 (32%) de homens. Em 43 casos(57,3%), o alongamento foi encontrado bilateralmente,em 23 casos (30,7%) foi encontrado apenas no ladoesquerdo e em 9 casos (12%) apenas no lado direito.Os 75 pacientes que possuíam o alongamento do ossoforam submetidos a um questionário semiestruturado e11 pacientes relataram sintomatologia dolorosa, comfrequência variável de surgimento da dor. Uma detalhadaanamnese e um exame físico desses pacientes permitiramo diagnóstico da SE em quatro deles. Conclusão:o trauma na região craniofacial foi o fator etiológicomais evidente nos pacientes diagnosticados com a SE.Os sinais e sintomas inerentes à SE eram semelhantesaos observados nas desordens craniomandibulares, podendoocasionar falsos diagnósticos e tratamentos equivocados.